Cuales Son Las Bases Legales De La Agroecologia

The environmental problem stems from the recognition of the impact on the environment, which produces the generalization of a model of chemical agriculture based on the intensive use of arable land, on a strong integration of inputs and therefore energy. The ecological vision is based on the consideration of cultivated areas as ecosystems in which ecological processes that take place in uncultivated plant formations also take place. If for ecology the subject of study is the ecosystem, for agroecology the subject must be the agricultural system – or the agroecosystem; which can be defined as a set of physical and social components that are united or interconnected in such a way that they form a unity, a whole whose fundamental objective is nothing more than the sustainable production of food. This vision is of particular interest for the cultivation of organic farming and makes agroecology the reference for those who practice this type of food production. The social, economic, political and cultural perspective is reflected in agroecology when we see that in agriculture, socio-economic and political factors decisively influence farmers` strategies and decisions. Agroecology does not provide recipes, technical packages, standards or recipes. It is based on the application of five basic principles[10]: Recycling, efficiency, diversity, regulation and synergies. The choice of management practices and technologies for the application of these principles is always site-specific, determined by a specific socio-ecological context. The lack of standards and certification systems distinguishes agroecology from organic farming. FaO also finds ten key elements for agroecology, among which we find diversity, co-creation and knowledge sharing, synergies, efficiency, recycling, resilience, human and social values, food culture and traditions, good governance, circular economy and solidarity economy. [11] Ecological restoration: According to the International Society for Ecological Restoration, it consists of “supporting the restoration of ecosystems that have been degraded, damaged or destroyed, in agroecology techniques can be used to help restore spaces damaged by conventional agriculture that has used agrochemicals, using science as the main parameter for good tillage. organic fertilizers, symbiosis between plants.

Agroecology raises from the outset the need for a multiple approach that shows a holistic vision and integrates ideas and methods from different disciplines; in the spirit of the general theory of systems developed by the Austrian Ludwig von Bertalanffy in the twenties of the last century for the life sciences. That is, the methods of analytical research applied by the sciences, of which agronomy is a clear example, are too reductionist, since they tend to ignore the interactions between the parts that make up the subject of study. Such a reduction would only be possible if there were no interactions or if they were so weak that we could despise them because of their weak influence. Deterioration of vegetation cover, soil erosion (wind, water, fertility), increased soil salinity, significant decline in groundwater, loss of biological and genetic agricultural diversity, constant resistance to agricultural pests and diseases, dammazoles, natural flooding, lake eutrophication and air pollution, are some of the multiple consequences of agriculture that affect agrochemicals. and the use of large amounts of energy Based. Given the multiple negative factors of conventional agriculture, the concept of agroecology and the technology of organic farming are emerging, which promote agricultural production by preserving the basic natural resources of food production such as soil, water and biodiversity. These measures are based on respect for rural communities (which provide the genetic material best suited to local conditions) and on ethical and human principles in carrying out these activities. Agroecology is the “science, movement and practice”[1] of the application of ecological processes in agricultural, animal and forestry production systems as well as in food systems. Agroecology is based on the application of principles that combine ecological and social values, the application of which is adapted to different socio-ecological contexts and also to different scales, from the very small for self-consumption to the large, through the landscape level. Agroecology has as its basic principle biological diversification and from there it is possible to restore and strengthen the ecological functions that maintain the ecological and social resilience of production systems. The ecological and social processes triggered by agroecological production position them as a transformative change strategy in sustainable food[2], even in current crises such as pandemics. [3] According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), agroecology “aims to optimize interactions between plants, animals, humans and the environment, while addressing the need for socially just food systems in which people can choose what they eat.

how and where it is produced. [4] Natural recycling: Ensure favorable soil conditions by increasing biotic activity, nutrient availability and utilization, and moisture retention through organic matter management, biomass recycling, and increased coverage. These are practices that are promoted and applied according to the traditional agriculture approach.